Circumcision (cirkumcision) is a surgical procedure involving the removal of part or all of the foreskin covering the glans penis. The indications for the procedure are divided into medical — mainly phimosis, lichen sclerosus, recurrent infections, and paraphimosis — and non-medical, such as religious or cultural tradition.
Circumcision reduces the risk of inflammation of the foreskin and glans, facilitates hygiene, and may play a role in the prevention of penile cancer and certain sexually transmitted infections in female partners. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, lasts 20–40 minutes, and requires about one week of limited physical activity.
The most common reason for circumcision is phimosis – a narrowing of the foreskin opening that prevents the glans from being exposed, both at rest and during erection. Other indications include:
Before the surgery, the urologist assesses the condition of the foreskin and rules out any acute inflammation. If necessary, antibacterial or antifungal treatment is recommended.
Local anesthesia is achieved by a dorsal penile nerve block, or if necessary, with short general anesthesia. The surgeon applies a tourniquet, excises the foreskin along a circumferential line, coagulates small blood vessels, and closes the skin with absorbable sutures. In the partial circumcision variant, a rim of foreskin is preserved to protect the coronal sulcus.
The wound usually heals within 10–14 days. During this period, the penis should be supported in an elevated position with elastic underwear, daily hygiene with an antiseptic solution is recommended, and sexual activity should be avoided for 4–6 weeks. The most common complications include subcutaneous bleeding, wound infection, suture dehiscence, and temporary hypersensitivity of the glans — their combined incidence does not exceed 5%.
Circumcision improves hygiene and reduces the risk of genitourinary infections. No negative impact on sexual function has been demonstrated, and most studies report no changes in satisfaction or penile sensitivity once healing is complete. A potential drawback is the loss of the protective mucosal layer, which in some men may cause initial hypersensitivity of the glans.
Circumcision remains an effective procedure for the treatment of phimosis and other foreskin conditions. When performed by an experienced surgeon in an outpatient setting, it is associated with a short healing time – book your consultation today.