Cystoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that allows for the evaluation of the inside of the bladder and urethra. It enables the detection of abnormalities such as tumors, stones, or inflammatory changes, as well as the performance of minor procedures, for example, taking tissue samples for histopathological examination.
Cystoscopy involves inserting a special instrument called a cystoscope through the urethra into the bladder. The device, equipped with a camera and a light source, allows the doctor to view the inside of the bladder and urethra in real time on a monitor. Depending on the patient’s needs, tissue samples may be taken for further analysis, and minor therapeutic procedures can also be performed during the examination.
Cystoscopy is recommended when symptoms suggest problems with the urinary system. The most common indications include: hematuria (blood in the urine), recurrent urinary tract infections, pain in the lower abdomen or bladder, problems with urination (e.g., difficulty starting, feeling of incomplete emptying), frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia), suspected tumors, stones, or other abnormalities in the bladder, monitoring the patient’s condition after treatment of urinary tract cancers.
Before a cystoscopy, the patient should: follow the doctor’s instructions regarding medication use, maintain proper intimate hygiene, empty the bladder immediately before the examination. If general anesthesia is planned, it is necessary to remain fasting for a specified period before the procedure.
Cystoscopy is a painless procedure thanks to the use of general anesthesia, which ensures full comfort and eliminates any sensation of discomfort during the examination.
Mild symptoms may occur after cystoscopy, such as discomfort or burning during urination, increased urgency, or a small amount of blood in the urine. These usually resolve on their own within a few days. If symptoms become more severe, or if fever or any other concerning signs appear, patients should contact their doctor immediately.
Cystoscopy should not be performed in patients with: acute inflammation of the bladder or prostate, significant enlargement of the prostate gland, bladder injury due to trauma, severe urethral narrowing. In addition, women are advised to avoid undergoing the procedure during menstruation.